An NMR study of the origin of dioxygen-induced spin-lattice relaxation enhancement and chemical shift perturbation

Due to its depth-dependent solubility, oxygen exerts paramagnetic effects which become progressively greater toward the hydrophobic interior of micelles, and lipid bilayer membranes. This paramagnetic gradient, which is manifested as contact shift perturbations (F-19 and C-13 NMR) and spin-lattice relaxation enhancement (F-19 and H-1 NMR), has been shown to be useful for precisely determining immersion depth, membrane protein secondary structure, and overall topology of membrane proteins. We have investigated the influence of oxygen on F-19 and C-13 NMR spectra and spin-lattice relaxation rates of a semiperfluorinated detergent, (8,8,8)-trifluoro (3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7)-difluoro octylmaltoside (TFOM) in a model membrane system, to determine the dominant paramagnetic spin-lattice relaxation and shift-perturbation mechanism. Based on the ratio of paramagnetic spin-lattice relaxation rates of F-19 and directly bonded C-13 nuclei, we conclude that the dominant relaxation mechanism must be dipolar. Furthermore, the temperature dependence of oxygen-induced chemical shift perturbations in F-19 NMR spectra suggests a contact interaction is the dominant shift mechanism. The respective hyperfine coupling constants for F-19 and C-13 nuclei can then be estimated from the contact shifts <(Deltav/v(0))(19F)> and <(Deltav/v(0))(13C)>, allowing us to estimate the relative contribution of scalar and dipolar relaxation to F-19 and C-13 nuclei. We conclude that the contribution to spin-lattice relaxation front the oxygen induced paramagnetic scalar mechanism is negligible. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.