PF-SMOTE: A novel parameter-free SMOTE for imbalanced datasets

Class imbalance learning is one of the most important topics in the field of machine learning and data mining, and the Synthetic Minority Oversampling Techniques (SMOTE) is the common method to handle this issue. The main shortcomings of the classic SMOTE and its variants is the interpolation of potential noise and unrepresentative examples. This paper is devoted to proposing a novel parameter-free SMOTE mechanism to produce sufficient representative synthetic examples while avoiding interpolating noisy examples. Specifically, two types of minority class examples are defined, namely boundary and safe minority examples. The synthetic examples generation procedure fully reflects the characteristics of the minority class examples with filling the region dominated by the minority class and expanding the margin of the minority class. To verify the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed method, a thorough experimental study on forty datasets selected from real-world applications is carried out. The experimental results indicate that our proposed method is competitive to the classic SMOTE and its state-of-the-art variants. (c) 2022 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.