The CRC-NTMAC for image tamper proofing and authentication

In this paper, we present a new approach, the image CRC Noise Tolerant Message Authentication Code (image CRC-NTMAC), to ensure the credibility of multimedia, such as images. The image CRC-NTMAC can accurately identify the specific regions of the image that have been modified and visibly display the authentication result. Moreover, the tolerance to the low rate random errors, often allowed with multimedia objects, and the sensitivity to the high noise (as forgery) allow the image CRC-NTMAC distinguishing between malicious forgeries and minor communication errors. Examples are provided for the image CRC-NTMAC demonstrating the ability to distinguish between random errors and forgeries. The image CRC-NTMAC improves on the recently developed NTMAC. As with the NTMAC, the image CRC-NTMAC can tolerate a modest number of errors. However, it has thousands of times lower collision rates than the NTMAC does, thus providing much higher possibility to detect the changes, and tolerating more random channel errors.