Scaling up of ecological sanitation for peri-urban and rural areas to meet the sanitation of MDGs

Sanitizing human excreta with nutrient recovery is a crucial issue especially for peri-urban and rural areas of developing countries. In addition to human excreta, the sanitary concerns of livestock excreta are recently growing due to control the domestic-animal-related diseases such as bird flu. In order to address those problems, this study examines the vacuum truck-collection system combined with urine-faeces diversion for peri-urban and rural areas. In the system, the diverted faeces and livestock excreta are fermented, and urine is directly used and/or phosphorus in urine is recovered by struvite formation. Firstly, each treatment and recovery is examined from the technological aspects. Secondly, the methane and struvite production in the system is calculated. As a result, the fermentation was considered to proceeds easily compared to traditional mixed excreta fermentations, and nutrient in urine could be easily recovered in the system. In addition, the system produces methane of 1,107 Nm(3)-CH4 per day, struvite of 51.9 ton-P2O5 per year for a population of 100,000 with 5,000 pigs and 20,000 chickens.