A Review of Evidence for the Link Between Sleep Duration and Hypertension

被引:184
|
作者
Gangwisch, James E. [1 ]
机构
[1] Columbia Univ, Dept Psychiat, Div Expt Therapeut, Coll Physicians & Surg, New York, NY 10027 USA
基金
美国国家卫生研究院;
关键词
blood pressure; circadian rhythm; epidemiology; hypertension; metabolic syndrome; sleep; GENDER-SPECIFIC ASSOCIATIONS; AMBULATORY BLOOD-PRESSURE; METABOLIC SYNDROME; RISK-FACTOR; INCIDENT HYPERTENSION; INSUFFICIENT SLEEP; NATIONAL-HEALTH; INSOMNIA; PREVALENT; OBESITY;
D O I
10.1093/ajh/hpu071
中图分类号
R6 [外科学];
学科分类号
1002 ; 100210 ;
摘要
There are lines of evidence from experimental sleep deprivation studies, population-based epidemiological studies, and an interventional study that point to the potential efficacy of adequate quality sleep to prevent and treat hypertension. Experimental sleep restriction has been shown to raise blood pressure and heart rate. Insufficient sleep on a chronic basis can raise average 24-hour blood pressure and lead to structural adaptations that entrain the cardiovascular system to operate at an elevated blood pressure equilibrium and increase the risk for hypertension. Disruptions in the timing and duration of sleep could also disrupt circadian rhythmicity and autonomic balance, which can increase the prevalence of the nondipping pattern, disturb diurnal rhythm of cardiac output, and increase blood pressure variability. Short sleep duration has been found to be associated with higher blood pressure and hypertension in both cross-sectional and longitudinal epidemiological studies. The association appears stronger in middle-aged adults and in women. Experimental sleep extension has been shown to significantly reduce blood pressure in individuals with prehypertension or stage 1 hypertension. The observed association between sleep duration and hypertension raises the hypothesis that interventions to extend sleep and improve sleep quality could serve as effective primary, secondary, and tertiary preventive measures for hypertension.
引用
收藏
页码:1235 / 1242
页数:8
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