On the Solution of Equilibrium Points of Power Systems With Penetration of Power Electronics Considering Converter Limitation

Increasing penetration of power electronics is changing the understanding of modern power systems. In particular, current saturation of converters leads to multiple equilibrium points for both normal and short-circuit conditions. This paper aims to identify equilibrium points in power systems with penetration of power electronics. First, a steady-state model of power systems considering the power electronics operation is presented. Then, a general methodology is developed to obtain equilibrium points including all possible combinations of converter current saturation states. A system of equations is defined for each combination and is solved considering the possibility to have single or multiple solutions. This methodology is suitable for steady-state analysis in normal operation and during short-circuit scenarios. Test systems with Voltage Source Converters are used to validate the presented methodology.