A new fault diagnosis method based on adaptive spectrum mode extraction

Variational mode decomposition provides a feasible method for non-stationary signal analysis, but the method is still not adaptive, which greatly limits the wide application of the method. Therefore, an adaptive spectrum mode extraction method is proposed in this article. The proposed method is mainly composed of spectral segmentation, mode extraction, and feedback adjustment. In the spectral segmentation part, considering the lack of robustness of classical scale space in a strong noise environment, this article proposes a method of fault feature mapping, which solves over-decomposition of variational mode decomposition guided by classical scale space. In the mode extraction part, for insufficient self-adaptability of the single penalty factor in the variational mode decomposition method, this article proposes a method of spectral aggregation factor, which solves multiple penalty factors that conform to different intrinsic modal functions. In the feedback adjustment part, this article proposes the method of transboundary criterion, which makes the result of variational mode decomposition within a preset range. Finally, using dispersion entropy and kurtosis indicators, intrinsic modal function components containing fault frequencies are extracted for envelope spectrum analysis to extract fault characteristic frequencies. In order to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method, the proposed method is applied to simulation signals and bearing fault signals. Comparing the decomposition results of different methods, the conclusion shows that the proposed method is more advantageous for the fault feature extraction of rolling bearings.