Effects of caffeine and caffeine-associated stimuli on the human startle eyeblink reflex

An experiment was performed (n = 19) that investigated the effect of caffeine and expectancy of caffeine on the eyeblink component of the startle reflex. Nineteen habitual caffeine users received caffeinated coffee, caffeinated juice, decaffeinated coffee, or decaffeinated juice in four sessions spaced 1 week apart. Twenty-five to 30 min after ingestion of the liquid, 30 acoustic startle stimuli were presented. The results showed that caffeine increased startle eyeblink amplitude. Startle reflex onset latency was significantly longer in the decaffeinated coffee condition than in the other three conditions. This may have been due to the activation of a compensatory slowing of the reflex by the anticipation of caffeine, a slowing that was then overridden by caffeine speeding the response. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Inc.