Data-Driven Online Speed Optimization in Autonomous Sailboats

This paper addresses the issue of data-driven online velocity optimization of an autonomous sailboat. Autonomous sailboats represent an ideal for long range and duration reconnaissance missions. Sailboat control is a challenging control task; sailboats are characterized by a number of control variables, all of which affect the ship trajectory and state in a highly nonlinear fashion. In this paper, a path-following automatic sailboat controller is presented. The control system has two main components: a heading control, acting on the rudder, and a velocity optimizer, acting on the sails. The optimizer is based on a modified extremum seeking approach. This paper also derives a first-principle-based 4 DoF sailboat model that is experimentally validated and used to guide the design and tuning of the control system. In fact, the control system is first tuned and validated in simulation. The simulation environment enables the comparison of the proposed model against a theoretical benchmark and a state-of-the-art controller. The analysis reveals that the proposed control system achieves near-optimal performance and considerably outperforms the state-of-the-art solution. Finally, the controller is tested and validated on an instrumented scale model.