Effect of natural primer associated to bioactive glass-ceramic on adhesive/ dentin interface

Objectives: This study evaluated the effect of propolis associated with Biosilicate on the bond strength (BS) and gelatinolytic activity at the adhesive/dentin interface. Methods: Occlusal cavities were prepared in 320 human molars. Half of them were submitted to cariogenic challenge. All the teeth were separated into eight groups (n = 20): Control ? Adhesive System (Single Bond Universal, 3 MESPE); CHX ? 0.12 % Chlorhexidine; Bio ? 10 % Biosilicate; P16 ? Propolis with low levels of polyphenols; P45 ? Propolis with high levels of polyphenols; CHX Bio ? CHX + Bio; P16 Bio ? P16+Bio; P45 Bio ? P45+Bio. The adhesive was applied (self-etch mode) after treatments. Restorations (Filtek Z350, 3 MESPE) were performed and samples sectioned into sticks, separated and stored in distilled water at 37 ?C for 24 h, 6 months and 1 year. Microtensile BS (0.5 mm/min) was tested and analyzed (2-way ANOVA, Bonferroni?s Test, p < .05 and Weibull analysis). Fracture patterns (VH-M100, Keyence) and adhesive interfaces (SEM, EVO-MA10, ZEISS and TEM, JEM-1010, JEOL) were observed; and biodegradation and in situ zymography performed. Results: P16 presented the highest BS values on sound dentin after 6 months. In caries-affected dentin (CAD), the association of treatments promoted the highest BS after 24 h. Sound dentin obtained significantly higher Weibull modulus than CAD. SEM displayed resin tags in P16, P45 and association of treatments. TEM showed good interaction between adhesive and dentin. According to the in situ zymography and biodegradation assay all natural primers reduced the gelatinolytic activity. P45 presented the lowest biodegradation and enzymatic activity. Conclusions: Propolis and the association of treatments promoted the highest bond strength results and preserved the dentin. All the experimental groups exhibited low gelatinolytic activity. Clinical significance: Propolis and the association of treatments with Biosilicate could preserve the dentin substrate and improve the longevity of composite restorations.