Soil micromycetes from the caldera of volcano Uzon and from the Valley of Geysers at Kamchatka

The present article is dedicated to studying the complex of soil microscopic fungi under extreme conditions, being created by hydrotermal processes, in caldera of the volcano Uzon and in the Valley of Geysers at Kamchatka (Kronotsky reserve). 74 species of caldera sections. not changed by hydrotermal processes have been isolated. Penicillium species prevail and there are species typical for Kamchatka soils and for soils of temperate latitudes: Mortierella vinacea, Penicillium thomii, P. chermesinum, P. chrysogenum, Trichoderma hamatum. Moreover, there is resemblance in fungi structures with ones of volcano soils from other regions. 51 species on the termal habitat have been found. The number of Penicillium is decreased, but the number and species variet of Aspergillus and Ascomycetes class is increased, and this fact makes these soils similar with Southern ones. The most frequent species are: Aspergillus/fumigatus, Penicillium funiculosum, P. ochrochloran, Paecilomyces lilacinus, Verticillium cephalosporium. The soils of the Valley of Gausers are more similar to Southern soils, being characterized by extreme conditions of drought and salinization. 45 species have been isolated from these soils, prevaling ones are: Aspergillus ustus,A. niveus, A. niger, Penicillium funiculosum.