Facile synthesis of hierarchically porous carbons from dual colloidal crystal/block copolymer template approach

A facile dual-templating approach is demonstrated to prepare hierarchically ordered macro-/mesoporous carbons. Monodispersed silica colloidal crystals are used as a hard template, amphiphilic triblock copolymer PEO-PPO-PEO as a soft template, and soluble resols as a carbon source. The procedure involves packing and aging of silica microspheres, evaporation-induced organic-organic assembly of mesostructures in the void of microspheres, thermosetting and carbonization of phenolic formaldehyde (PF), and removal of silica scaffolds by HF. The obtained porous carbons have a highly ordered face-centered cubic macrostructure with tunable pore sizes of 230-430 nm and interconnected windows with a size of 30-65 nm. The rigid silica hard templates can prevent the shrinkage of the mesostructure during the thermosetting and carbonization process, resulting in large cell parameters (similar to 18 nm) and pore sizes (similar to 11 nm). The bimodal porous carbon materials have large BET surface areas (up to 760 m(2)/g), large pore volumes (similar to 1.25 cm(3)/g), and partially graphitized frameworks. With the increase in the silica sphere diameter, the BET surface areas and the window sizes increase. The hierarchically ordered carbon structures show strong diffraction at wavelengths of 500-690 nm depending on the treatment used.