Distributed Power Control for D2D Communications Underlaying Cellular Network Using Stackelberg Game

In this paper, a Stackelberg game based power control framework is proposed for interference coordination among device-to-device (D2D) communications and spectrum-sharing cellular networks. The cross-tier interference from D2D communications is controlled by the cellular base station (CBS) through setting a price for the shared subchannels. Based on the cross-tier interference price, each D2D pair adaptively updates its power strategy subsequently. A distributed power control algorithm with limited coordination among D2D pairs is proposed and guaranteed to converge to a Karush-Kuhn-Tucker (KKT) point of the optimization problem at D2D pairs's side by introducing a new co-tier price factor. At the CBS's side, a price update algorithm is designed ably according to cross-tier interference measurement. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithms can achieve higher sum rate for D2D communications when compared with that of the non-cooperative power allocation algorithm.