Serum lead, cadmium, and zinc levels in newborns with neural tube defects from a polluted zone in Mexico

Serum lead, cadmium and zinc levels from 31 newborns with neural tube defects (NTD), and 54 healthy controls living in a polluted area in Mexico were estimated using atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS). NTD family history was found to be of greater importance in the case group (OR 6.95, 95% CI 1.51-36.3, p = 0.002). In 25% of the children, serum lead concentrations were above the admissible maximum level (AML) of 10 mug/dL within 24 h of extra-uterine life. Cadmium concentrations were below the AML. Zinc deficiency was found in nine (29%) of the cases and four (9.3%) of the controls (p = 0.04). The logistic regression multivariate analysis showed no correlation between NTD and high levels of any of these metals; however, a positive correlation was found to zinc deficiency (OR 5.0, 95% CI 1.07-23.00, p = 0.04). These results focus attention to the surrounding nutritional and maternal health factors of major importance in disease etiology. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.