Review of energy efficiency and sustainability measures in the cement industry worldwide

This article provides a bibliographic review of the measures that can be taken within the cement production industry to make rational and efficient consumption of the energy resources demanded, and at the same time improve sustainability indicators thanks to the reduction in the emission of pollutants and GHGs. The review begins with the characterization of this industry at a global level; specific consumption, processes, equipment and raw materials, to establish in which stages of the process there are opportunities for improvement in energy consumption. After this, the energy efficiency measures of the macro-consuming equipment are described, such as the clinker production furnace. Finally, possible substitutes to conventionally used fossil fuels and technologies that take advantage of renewable energies are shown, in order to seek an efficient and sustainable industry.