Drug Residues in Serum of Dogs Receiving Anticancer Chemotherapy

Background The presence of drug residues in blood samples can represent an occupational hazard. However, studies on cytotoxic drug residues in serum of dogs are lacking in veterinary oncology. Objective: To evaluate possible occupational hazards associated with handling of blood samples from dogs receiving oncolytic drugs 7 days after treatment. Animals: Twenty-seven client-owned dogs treated for lymphoma or mast cell tumors with vincristine, vinblastine, cyclophosphamide, or doxorubicin. Methods: Prospective, observational study. Serum samples were either taken 7 days after administration of vincristine, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin (lymphoma), and vinblastine (mast cell tumor), or 1-2 days after the last concurrent oral administration of cyclophosphamide (mast cell tumor). Additionally, serum was collected within 5 minutes of treatment. Measurement of drug residues in serum was performed by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS). Results: In 33 samples collected within 5 minute of treatment, the median serum concentrations were vincristine: 37 mu g/L (range: 11-87 mu g/L), vinblastine: 13 mu g/L (range: 13-35 mu g/L), cyclophosphamide: 2,484 mu g/L (range: 1,209-2,778 mu g/L), doxorubicin: 404 mu g/L (range: 234-528 mu g/L). In 81 serum samples collected 7 days after treatment vinblastine (7 mu g/L) was detected in 1 sample, and cyclophosphamide (7 and 9 mu g/L) in 2 samples collected 1-2 days after oral administration of cyclophosphamide. Medications were not detected in any of the other samples. Conclusions and Clinical Importance: Handling of blood samples from dogs receiving oncolytic chemotherapy 7 days after treatment with vincristine, vinblastine, cyclophosphamide, and doxorubicin should not present a health hazard.