This study aims to establish an adaptive remedial teaching material and a computerized adaptive diagnostic system on the mathematical unit of "Ratio" on Grade 6. By on-line testing, we explore the economizing rate, the prediction accuracy of the computerized adaptive diagnostic mathematics test and the accuracy diagnose of the existence of bugs and sub-skills of students. We also evaluate the effect of the adaptive remedial teaching material via adaptive remedial instruction. The major findings of this study are summarized as follows: The rate of saving items by the computerized adaptive diagnostic system is 39.22% and prediction accuracy is 93.22%. After analyzing the bugs, the prediction accuracy is 96.64%. By adaptive remedial instruction based on knowledge structure, the experimental group had improved above 50%. Finally, according to the experiment result we can render some related suggestions, and be the reference resources for follow-up studies.