Prediction and prevention of preterm birth

In order to prevent premature deliveries in Germany, as in other developed countries, risk factors have to be identified and eliminated (primary prevention), screening factors validated for the prediction and early therapy (secondary prevention), the consequences of prematurity have to be ameliorated and recurrence avoided (tertiary prevention). Policies are needed to combat social risk factors. Personal risk factors of the patient can be identified and addressed by her gynecologist. Social and psychological expertise might be necessary to improve emotional reactions, personal habits, behaviour and life style. Early signs and screening factors (sonographic findings, biochemical and bacteriological markers) can be used to predict and then treat an imminent premature delivery with the aim to prolong the duration of pregnancy. Once premature delivery has occured, personal and economical costs are high in order to ameliorate the burden and consequences of prematurity.