The role of TPACK in affecting pre-service language teachers' ICT integration during teaching practices: Indonesian context

This study examined Indonesian pre-service language teachers' use of information and communication technology (UICT) during teaching practices. We used technological pedagogical and content knowledge (TPACK) framework to predict the UICT. The objective of the study is to determine if the TPACK is a valid model to explain Indonesian pre-service language teachers' UICT during teaching practices. 287 pre-service language teachers from three Indonesian universities completed a 38-item survey instruments based on the TPACK and UICT. The development of the survey instruments was done mainly through content validity index (CVI) and exploratory factor analysis (EFA). Findings of the study that were obtained through partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) informed 13 hypotheses. Overall, the TPACK components are interconnected and also reported to be a valid model to help explain Indonesian pre-service language teachers' UICT during teaching practices.