Introduction Airway compromise is the second leading cause of potentially survivable death on the battlefield. The purpose of this study was to better understand wartime prehospital airway patients. Materials and Methods The Role 2 Database (R2D) was retrospectively reviewed for adult patients injured in Afghanistan between February 2008 and September 2014. Of primary interest were prehospital airway interventions and mortality. Prehospital combat mortality index (CMI-PH), hemodynamic interventions, injury mechanism, and demographic data were also included in various statistical analyses. Results A total of 12,780 trauma patients were recorded in the R2D of whom 890 (7.0%) received prehospital airway intervention. Airway intervention was more common in patients who ultimately died (25.3% vs. 5.6%); however, no statistical association was found in a multivariable logistic regression model (OR 1.28, 95% CI 0.98-1.68). Compared with U.S. military personnel, other military patients were more likely to receive airway intervention after adjusting for CMI-PH (OR 1.33, 95% CI 1.07-1.64). Conclusions In the R2D, airway intervention was associated with increased odds of mortality, although this was not statistically significant. Other patients had higher odds of undergoing an airway intervention than U.S. military. Awareness of these findings will facilitate training and equipment for future management of prehospital/prolonged field care airway interventions.
