Association of interleukin-1 gene polymorphism and early crestal bone loss around submerged dental implants: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Aim: Early crestal bone loss (ECBL) has been observed regardless of the absence of possible etiologic factors for bone loss during the healing phase and before the second-stage implant surgery. The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to correlate the possible association of interleukin-1 (IL-1) gene polymorphisms and ECBL (bone loss before the second-stage surgery) around dental implants. Settings and Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis following PRISMA guidelines. Materials and Methods: Considering the inclusion criteria, an electronic search by using specific keywords of three databases PubMed [("Dental" OR "oral") AND ("Implants*") AND ("gene polymorphism" OR "genotype" AND ("IL-1" OR "interleukins")], Cochrane library [implant AND (biomarker or cytokine), interleukin-1 or IL-1 AND implants], and EMBASE [("gene polymorphisms"/de OR "interleukins"/cytokine exp OR "biomarker":ti,ab,kw) AND ("dental implantation"/de OR "oral implant")] and manual search from 1995 till March 2020 was made by 2 independently calibrated reviewers. ACROBAT-NRSI, Version 1.0.0 and Review Manager, Version 5.3, computer software were used for the risk of bias assessment and to conduct the meta-analysis respectively. Statistical Analysis Used: Cochran's Q test and I2 statistics. Results: Of 38 articles which were found eligible for full-text screening, two articles fulfilled the inclusion criteria and hence were included in the meta-analysis. The I2 statistic and Q-test values of the included studies revealed acceptable homogeneity for studied three IL-1 gene polymorphisms (IL-1A-889: I2 = 0%, IL-1B - 511: I2 = 0%, IL-1B+3954: I2 = 24%). Forest plot of association between IL-1B-511 gene and ECBL revealed a significant association between 2/2 genotype of IL-1B-511 gene and an increased risk of ECBL (OR = 0.23, 95% CI = 0.09-0.58, Pheterogeneity = 0.68, I2 = 0%, and P = 0.002). Results of the IL-1A-889 and IL-1B+3954 gene revealed no significant associations between any genotype of these genes with risk of ECBL. Conclusions: There is an evidence of the association of IL-1B-511 (2/2) genetic polymorphisms and increased ECBL in the individuals of Asian ethnicity (OR = 0.23, P = 0.002).