Joint planning of distributed generations and energy storage in active distribution networks: A Bi-Level programming approach

In order to improve the penetration of renewable energy resources for distribution networks, a joint planning model of distributed generations (DGs) and energy storage is proposed for an active distribution network by using a bi-level programming approach in this paper. In this model, the upper-level aims to seek the optimal location and capacity of DGs and energy storage, while the lower-level optimizes the operation of energy storage devices. To solve this model, an improved binary particle swarm optimization (IBPSO) algorithm based on chaos optimization is developed, and the optimal joint planning is achieved through alternating iterations between the two levels. The simulation results on the PG & E 69-bus distribution system demonstrate that the presented approach manages to reduce the planning deviation caused by the uncertainties of DG outputs and remarkably improve the voltage profile and operational economy of distribution systems. (C) 2022 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.