On Profit-Maximizing Pricing for the Highway and Tollbooth Problems

In the tollbooth problem on trees, we are given a tree T = (V, E) with n edges, and a set of m customers, each of whom is interested in purchasing a path oil the graph. Each customer has a fixed budget, and the objective is to price the edges of T such that the total revenue made by selling the paths to the customers that can afford them is maximized. An important special case of this problem, known as the highway problem, is when T is restricted to be a line. For the tollbooth problem, we present an O(log n)-approximation, improving on the current best O(logm)-approximation. We also study a special case of the tollbooth problem, when all the paths that customers are interested in purchasing go towards a fixed root of T. In this case, we present art algorithm that returns a (1 - epsilon)-approximation, for any epsilon > 0, and runs in quasi-polynomial time. On the other hand, we rule out the existence of all FPTAS by showing that even for the line case, the problem is strongly NP-hard. Finally, we show that in the discount model, when we allow some items to be priced below zero to improve the overall profit, the problem becomes even APX-hard.