Battery electric vehicle (BEV) powertrain modelling and testing for real-time control prototyping platform integration

This paper presents a method to virtually evaluate the performances and energy consumption of a battery electric vehicle (BEV) powertrain, whose propulsion is assured by a wound rotor synchronous machine. For that, the powertrain's subsystems are modeled using Energetic Macroscopic Representation (EMR) concept and adapted for later implementation in a real-time control prototyping platform. Two levels of complexity are developed for the propulsion motor, resulting in two BEV powertrain models. The resulting powertrain models are validated by comparing the simulation results with the experimental measurements obtained from a real Renault ZOE Q90 car. In order to evaluate the accuracy of the models under study, two driving cycles profiles, a mixed urban and extra-urban profile and a highway one, are chosen to characterise the system behaviour under normal and maximum vehicle speed conditions. Furthermore, as the developed powertrain is dedicated to real-time applications, the simulation time of the two proposed models are compared in order to choose the one that computes results with desired accuracy in a reduced amount of time.