Health risk assessment and source apportionment of PM2.5-bound toxic elements in the industrial city of Siheung, Korea

被引:15
|
作者
Lee, Young Su [1 ]
Kim, Young Kwon [2 ,3 ]
Choi, Eunhwa [4 ]
Jo, Hyeri [1 ]
Hyun, Hyeseung [5 ]
Yi, Seung-Muk [2 ]
Kim, Jae Young [1 ]
机构
[1] Seoul Natl Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 1 Gwanak Ro, Seoul, South Korea
[2] Seoul Natl Univ, Grad Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, 1 Gwanak Ro, Seoul, South Korea
[3] Green Technol Ctr, Div Policy Res, Seoul 04554, South Korea
[4] Seoul Natl Univ, Inst Construct & Environm Engn, Gwanak Ro, Seoul, South Korea
[5] Univ Calif Berkeley, Coll Environm Design, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
关键词
Fine particulate matter; Source apportionment; Positive matrix factorization; Health risk assessment; Carcinogenic risk; POSITIVE MATRIX FACTORIZATION; PM2.5 SOURCE APPORTIONMENT; LONG-RANGE TRANSPORT; PARTICULATE MATTER; AIR-POLLUTION; SOURCE IDENTIFICATION; BACKGROUND SITE; HEAVY-METALS; SOUTH-KOREA; CHINA;
D O I
10.1007/s11356-022-20462-0
中图分类号
X [环境科学、安全科学];
学科分类号
08 ; 0830 ;
摘要
The emission sources and their health risks of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) in Siheung, Republic of Korea, were investigated as a middle-sized industrial city. To identify the PM2.5 sources with error estimation, a positive matrix factorization model was conducted using daily mean speciated data from November 16, 2019, to October 2, 2020 (95 samples, 22 chemical species). As a result, 10 sources were identified: secondary nitrate (24.3%), secondary sulfate (18.8%), traffic (18.8%), combustion for heating (12.6%), biomass burning (11.8%), coal combustion (3.6%), heavy oil industry (1.8%), smelting industry (4.0%), sea salts (2.7%), and soil (1.7%). Based on the source apportionment results, health risks by inhalation of PM2.5 were assessed for each source using the concentration of toxic elements portioned. The estimated cumulative carcinogenic health risks from the coal combustion, heavy oil industry, and traffic sources exceeded the benchmark, 1E-06. Similarly, carcinogenic health risks from exposure to As and Cr exceeded 1E-05 and 1E-06, respectively, needing a risk reduction plan. The non-carcinogenic risk was smaller than the hazard index of one, implying low potential for adverse health effects. The probable locations of sources with relatively higher carcinogenic risks were tracked. In this study, health risk assessment was performed on the elements for which mass concentration and toxicity information were available; however, future research needs to reflect the toxicity of organic compounds, elemental carbon, and PM2.5 itself.
引用
收藏
页码:66591 / 66604
页数:14
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