Phosphorus availability for flooded rice under the residual effect of lime, gypsum, and manure applied to common bean

Four experiments were conducted simultaneously in a Alluvial Soil, a Low-Humic Gley, a Humic Gley and an artificially drained bog soil with the objective of evaluating the influence of liming and manure applied in previous bean crop on residual effects of phosphorus fertilization, extractor efficiency and acid phosphatase activity in aired soils before flooding in the prediction of P availability to rice cultivated after flooding. After the bean harvest, replicates of each treatment for each soil were mixed and 3.2 kg of soil were transferred to 5 L pots, which were used to cultivate the flooded rice experiment. At this time, soil samples were collected for phosphorus determination by Mehlich-1, Resin, Bray-1, solution equilibrium phosphorus and acid phosphatase activity. The experimental design was completely randomized in a 3 x 2 factorial scheme: three soil amendment practices (liming, gypsum, and no corrective) and two organic residue levels (with and without cow manure), with four replications. The soils remained flooded with a 3 cm water layer throughout the experimental period. After 60 days of flooding, rice plants were transplanted to pots and grown until grain maturity. The manure application led to an increase of P availability, grain dry matter, and foliar P concentration and content, whereas lime and gypsum showed no clear effect on the studied variables. The phosphorus extractors and acid phosphatase activity used in aired soils before the rice crop were not effective to predict phosphorus availability in the flooded soils.