Upgrading the antioxidant potential of cereals by their fungal fermentation under solid-state cultivation conditions

Solid-state fermentation (SSF) at 30 degrees C for 72h with four generally recognized as safe (GRAS) filamentous fungi (Aspergillus oryzae NCIM 1212, Aspergillus awamori MTCC No. 548, Rhizopus oligosporus NCIM 1215 and Rhizopus oryzae RCK2012) showed high efficiency for the improvement of water-soluble total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant properties including ABTS(.+) [2,2-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid)] and DPPH. (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) scavenging capacities of four whole grain cereals, namely wheat, brown rice, maize and oat. A maximum 14-fold improvement in TPC (1161mg gallic acid equivalent g(-1) grain) was observed in A.oryzae fermented wheat, while extract of R.oryzae fermented wheat (ROFW) showed maximum of 66-fold and fivefold enhancement of DPPH. scavenging property (854mol Trolox equivalent g(-1) grain) and ABTS(.+) scavenging activity (195mol Trolox equivalent g(-1) grain), respectively. The study demonstrates that SSF is an efficient method for the improvement of antioxidant potentials of cereals and R.oryzae RCK2012 fermented wheat can be a powerful source of natural antioxidants. Significance and Impact of the StudyAntioxidant-rich food products are getting popularity day by day. In this study, potential of solid-state fermentation (SSF) has been studied for the improvement of antioxidant potential of different cereals by GRAS micro-organisms. The comparative evaluation of the antioxidant potential of various fungal fermented products derived from whole grain cereals, such as wheat, brown rice, oat and maize, has been carried out. Among these, Rhizopus oryzae -fermented wheat was observed as a potent source of natural antioxidants. A diet containing fermented cereals would be useful for the prevention of free radical-mediated diseases.