A Rhodamine-based Fluorescent Chemodosimeter for Au3+ in Aqueous Solution and Living Cells

A highly selective rhodamine hydrazide-based fluorescent chemosensor for Au3+ detection was developed. The aqueous solution of rhodamine N-hydroxysemicarbazide (RHS), in the presence of Au3+, exhibited a significant 55-fold turn-on fluorescence response at 591 nm and a colorimetric change from colorless to pink. Other interested ions including Li+, Na+, K+, Cs+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Ba2+, Pb2+, Mn2+, Co2+, Ni2+, Ag+, Cd2+, Cu2+, Hg2+, Zn2+, Sn2+, Fe2+, Fe3+, Cr3+, Ce3+ did not induce any distinct color/spectral changes. The irreversible detection mechanism occurred via Au3+-promoted 5-exo-trig ring closure to yield 1,3,4-oxadiazole-2-one product. The RHS probe is non-responsive to other biologically relevant metal ions and the limit of detection for Au3+ was calculated to be 0.5 mu M with a linear range of 0 to 90 mu M. Fluorescence bioimaging of Au3+ in HepG2 cells was also successfully demonstrated.