A multi-hop routing protocol based on link state prediction for intra-body Wireless Nanosensor Networks

As a network that communicates human health information, iWNSNs (in-vivo Wireless Nanosensor Networks) must be able to detect and report back to human health in real time, and low delay and high reliability are required in iWNSNs. In view of the unstable link state in iWNSNs, a multi-hop routing protocol based on link state prediction called MRLSP is proposed. The protocol proposes a link state estimation based on Kalman filtering. In addition, an ultrasonic energy harvesting system is introduced to intermittently charge nanonodes. In the routing process, the protocol first ensures the forwarding direction of the data packet by limiting the range of the next hop node, and uses the historical state and current information of the link to estimate the link state. Finally, a fuzzy system is established using the link state, the distance and the node's remaining energy. We use the fuzzy logic output as the criterion to select the next hop node to ensure that fewer hops complete the forwarding and successful transmission of the packet. The simulation results verify that MRLSP has advantages in end-to-end delay and data packet transmission success rate, and can maximize network performance while ensuring sufficient node energy.