Investigation of the nutritional requirements of Australian snapper Pagrus auratus (Bloch & Schneider, 1801):: apparent digestibility of protein and energy sources

Two experiments were carried out to determine the apparent crude protein (CP), organic matter (OM), fat and gross energy (GE) digestibility coefficients (ADCs) of several protein and energy sources (ingredients) for Australian snapper using the indirect method of determination and collection of faeces by passive settlement. The first experiment determined ADCs for one level of fishmeal (500 g kg(-1) diet), three levels of extruded wheat (200, 300 or 400 g kg(-1) diet) and two levels of fish oil (150 or 250 g kg(-1) diet). The second experiment determined ADCs for two levels each of meat meal or poultry meal (300 or 500 g kg(-1) diet), one level each of haemoglobin powder or blood meal (150 g kg(-1) diet) and one level each of solvent extracted soybean meal or a low-allergenic, cold-pressed soybean meal (300 g kg(-1) diet). Similar ingredients and where appropriate, different inclusion levels were compared using one- or two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Fishmeal was almost completely digested and ADC values ranged between 94.3% and 99.2%. Fish oil was also well digested, with ADC values ranging between 97.6% and 106.0% and was not significantly affected by inclusion level. Linear regression analysis indicated that there was no relationship between the inclusion level of extruded wheat and either CP (ADCs ranged from 100.1% to 105.4%) or fat digestibility (ADCs ranged from 89.1% to 104.4%). However, there was a significant negative linear relationship between the inclusion level of extruded wheat and GE digestibility (GE(ADC) = 86.51-0.031 x inclusion level; R-2=0.49). Two-way ANOVA indicated that CP, OM and GE ADCs of poultry meal (i.e. 85.9%, 89.7% and 91.3% respectively) were significantly higher than those determined for meat meal (i.e. 63.8%, 63.4% and 71.3% respectively), but ADCs were not affected by inclusion level or the interaction between inclusion level and ingredient type. The fat digestibility coefficients of meat and poultry meal were not significantly different (ADCs ranged from 92.3% to 95.0%). The CP digestibility of haemoglobin powder (95.1%) was significantly higher than that of ring-dried blood meal (81.6%), but there was no difference between the digestibility of OM (77.0%) or GE (80.4%) from these products. There was no difference between the CP (88.9%), OM (56.9%) and GE (65.6%) digestibility of the solvent extracted soybean meal and the low-allergenic, cold-pressed soybean meal. These coefficients will be useful in formulating both practical and research-based diets for this species.