Waveform design for cognitive radar in presence of jammer using Stackelberg game

With the development of modern electronic warfare, the jammer is becoming smarter than before and can be able to take actions according to the intercepted radar waveform. It has considerable significance for the radar to design a proper waveform to improve its performance when facing the smart jammer. Here, a novel cognitive radar waveform design method is proposed to improve the radar's performance. The relationship between the radar and the jammer is modelled as a two-person zero-sum Stackelberg game, where the cognitive radar is the leader and the jammer is the follower. Signal-to-interference and noise ratio (SINR) criterion is utilised as the utility function, where the radar tries to maximise the SINR while the jammer aims to minimise it. Lagrange multiplier method and particle swarm optimisation (PSO) algorithm is applied to solve the problem and the Stackelberg equilibrium (SE) is obtained. Numerical results show the effectiveness of the proposed method.