Hypocalcemia after neck exploration for untreated primary hyperparathyroidism

Hypocalcemia after neck exploration for hyperparathyroidism is an important postoperative management issue. With increasing acceptance of less invasive surgical approaches, hypocalcemia is less frequent. This study was conducted to evaluate postoperative hypocalcemia after current surgical exploration techniques in patients with untreated primary hyperparathyroidism. From the University of Louisville parathyroid database, charts of patients undergoing surgery for untreated primary hyperparathyroidism from May 1, 1998 to May 30, 2004 were reviewed. Data was analyzed based on age, sex, preoperative calcium and parathyroid hormone levels, preexisting diseases, and extent of neck exploration. One hundred sixty-nine patients were identified with adequate data for analysis. Transient postoperative hypocalcemia occurred in 21 per cent (36/169) for the total group, in 18 per cent (22/125) after minimally invasive radio-guided parathyroidectomy, and in 32 per cent (14/44) after bilateral neck exploration. Patients with postoperative hypocalcernia had a statistically significant association with older age and pre-existing hypertension. Patients with postoperative hypocalcernia were more likely to have undergone longer surgical procedures and were more likely to have had pre-existing diabetes and mental disorders. These findings were not statistically significant and were considered trends. The frequency of osteoporosis in the hypocalcernia group was increased but was not significant. Transient hypocalcernia occurred in 21 per cent of patients after parathyroid surgery. It was more likely after bilateral neck exploration, a longer duration of surgery, and with hypertension, diabetes, and mental disorders.