The margin to act: a framework of investigation for women's (and men's) medieval art-making

One of the challenges faced by medieval art historians is to recognise the diverse roles women played in matters of medieval art, while seeing also the impact of society on their artistic choices. By tracing how one work of art can open new critical insights into another, and how disparate objects and buildings - if thought through together - can illuminate our understanding of the Middle Ages overall, we can discern the multi-layered stages of the creative process. The term makers of art' is proposed as a shift away from the commonly used words - artist, patron, recipient - and the preconceived notions about the individuals who fulfilled those roles. The paper also lays out a framework - the margin to act' - for the investigation of the multi-levelled interactions of women with medieval art and, ultimately, the writing of history.