Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), scleroderma, and polymyositis/dermatomyositis (PM/DM) are autoimmune diseases with high morbidity and mortality. The important role infections play in these diseases has been documented in the literature over the years. This article reviews the role of infections in these three disorders, emphasizing in each (1) the predisposing factors for the development of infections, (2) the effect of infections on mortality, and (3) the most common microorganisms involved in these infectious processes.
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Univ Penn, Perelman Sch Med, Div Rheumatol, Penn Musculoskeletal Ctr, 3737 Market St, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USAUniv Penn, Perelman Sch Med, Div Rheumatol, Penn Musculoskeletal Ctr, 3737 Market St, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
Kolasinski, Sharon L.
Chi, Andrew S.
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Univ Penn, Perelman Sch Med, Dept Radiol, Penn Musculoskeletal Ctr, 3737 Market St, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USAUniv Penn, Perelman Sch Med, Div Rheumatol, Penn Musculoskeletal Ctr, 3737 Market St, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
Chi, Andrew S.
Lopez-Garib, Angel J.
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Univ Penn, Perelman Sch Med, Dept Radiol, Penn Musculoskeletal Ctr, 3737 Market St, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USAUniv Penn, Perelman Sch Med, Div Rheumatol, Penn Musculoskeletal Ctr, 3737 Market St, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
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Univ Western Ontario, Schulich Sch Med & Dent, Dept Med, London, ON, CanadaUniv Western Ontario, Schulich Sch Med & Dent, Dept Med, London, ON, Canada
Calderon, Leonardo Martin
Pope, Janet E.
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Univ Western Ontario, Schulich Sch Med & Dent, Div Rheumatol, St Josephs Hlth Care, London, ON, CanadaUniv Western Ontario, Schulich Sch Med & Dent, Dept Med, London, ON, Canada
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Saitama Med Univ, Fac Med, Dept Publ Hlth, Moroyama, Saitama 3500495, JapanSaitama Med Univ, Fac Med, Dept Publ Hlth, Moroyama, Saitama 3500495, Japan
Ohta, Akiko
Nagai, Masaki
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Saitama Med Univ, Fac Med, Dept Publ Hlth, Moroyama, Saitama 3500495, JapanSaitama Med Univ, Fac Med, Dept Publ Hlth, Moroyama, Saitama 3500495, Japan
Nagai, Masaki
Nishina, Motoko
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Saitama Med Univ, Fac Med, Dept Publ Hlth, Moroyama, Saitama 3500495, JapanSaitama Med Univ, Fac Med, Dept Publ Hlth, Moroyama, Saitama 3500495, Japan
Nishina, Motoko
Tomimitsu, Hiroyuki
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Tokyo Med & Dent Univ, Grad Sch Med & Dent Sci, Dept Neurol & Neurol Sci, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1138519, JapanSaitama Med Univ, Fac Med, Dept Publ Hlth, Moroyama, Saitama 3500495, Japan
Tomimitsu, Hiroyuki
Kohsaka, Hitoshi
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Tokyo Med & Dent Univ, Grad Sch Med & Dent Sci, Dept Med & Rheumatol, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1138519, JapanSaitama Med Univ, Fac Med, Dept Publ Hlth, Moroyama, Saitama 3500495, Japan