Definitive chemoradiation in nonmetastatic squamous cell carcinoma anal canal: A single-institution experience

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to analyze the survival outcomes and toxicities in squamous cell carcinoma anal canal treated with definitive chemoradiotherapy. Materials and Methods: Retrospective analysis of 51 patients with squamous cell carcinoma anal canal treated with chemoradiotherapy was done. Data were collected and analyzed for disease-free survival (DFS), colostomy-free survival (CFS), overall survival (OS), and acute/late toxicities. Results: Out of total 51 patients, only 44 patients had a follow-up of more than 36 months and were analyzed. After a median follow-up of 46 months (range 10-68 months), the 3-year DFS was 73.9%. Three patients developed locoregional recurrence, while one patient developed distant metastasis. At 3-year OS rate was 77%. Out of 44 patients, six patients lost to follow-up, while two patients died due to progressive disease and two due to noncancer causes. 3-year CFS rate was 59%. Most common grade >3 acute toxicities were skin reactions in nine (18%), followed by hematological in eight (16%) patients. Conclusion: Definitive chemoradiotherapy in anal canal results in good oncological outcomes with sphincter preservation. No severe treatment-related toxicities were observed.