Bootstrapping one-sided flexible arrays

The abstract data type one-sided flexible array, also called random-access list, supports look-up and update of elements and can grow and shrink at one end. We describe a purely functional implementation based on weight-balanced multiway trees that is both simple and versatile. A novel feature of the representation is that the running time of the operations can be tailored to one's needs-even dynamically at array-creation time. In particular, one can trade the running time of look-up operations for the running time of update operations. For instance, if the multiway trees have a fixed degree, the operations take Theta(log n) time, where n is the size of the flexible array. If the degree doubles levelwise, look-up speeds up to Theta(rootlog n) while update slows down to Theta(2(rootlog n)). We show that different tree shapes can be conveniently modelled after mixed-radix number systems.