Celestial navigation on the surface of Mars

A simple, accurate, and autonomous method of finding position on the surface of Mars currently does not exist, The goal of this project is to develop a celestial navigation process that will fix a position on Mars with 100-meter accuracy. This method requires knowing the position of the stars and planets referenced to the martian surface with one arcsecond accuracy. This information is contained in an ephemeris known as the Arenautical Almanac (from Ares, the god of war). Naval Observatory Vector Astrometry Subroutines (NOVAS) form the basis of the code used to generate the almanac. Planetary position data come from the JPL DE405 Planetary Ephemeris. The theoretical accuracy of the almanac is determined mathematically and compared with the Ephemeris for Physical Observations of Mars contained in the Astronomical Almanac. A preliminary design of an autonomous celestial navigation system is presented, Recommendations of how to integrate celestial navigation into NASA's current Mars exploration program are also discussed. This project is a useful and much-needed first step towards establishing celestial navigation as a practical way to find position on the surface of Mars.