Leukemoid reaction with severe thrombocytopenia in a dying patient: a case report and literature review

Leukemoid reaction complicated by thrombocytopenia is rare, usually seen in patients with malignant conditions, and is often associated with poor prognosis. Here, the case of a 28-year-old healthy female without exceptional past medical history, who suffered from severe vaginal infection, is reported. Although symptoms improved, the white blood cell (WBC) count continued to increase up to 78 460 cells/mu l, however, the patient continued to improve and the outcome was good. The case revealed that an increasing WBC count may not change in synchrony with clinical symptoms. When faced with this scenario, procalcitonin measurements may play an important role in differentiating diagnosis and guiding treatment.