The sacroiliac joint as a factor in low back pain: A review

Objectives: To review the normal anatomy and biomechanics of the sacroiliac joint (SIJ) and the pathological changes that occur to them and to determine whether SIJ dysfunction is a factor in idiopathic low back pain. Data Sources: Articles containing information on the anatomy, biomechanics, and dysfunction of the SIJ. The databases searched were MEDLINE, the Cumulative index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, and SPORTDiscus. Studies Used: Those found using the search terms sacroiliac joint and iniury and sacroiliac joint and athletes. Additional sources were gathered from the reference lists of these initial sources. Data Extraction: Data found pertinent to understanding the anatomy, biomechanics, and pathophysiology of the SIJ region were used, as well as data on the existence and prevalence of SIJ dysfunction and its relation to low back pain. Conclusions: The literature provides strong evidence that SIJ dysfunction should be considered a major factor in the etiology of idiopathic low back pain.