Correlation between chest radiographic findings and clinical features in hospitalized children with Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia

Background Radiologic evaluation of children with Mycoplasma pneumoniae is important for diagnosis and management. Objective To investigate the correlation between chest radiographic findings and the clinical features in children with Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia. Materials and methods This study included 393 hospitalized children diagnosed with M. pneumoniae pneumonia between January 2000 and August 2016. Their clinical features and chest radiographs were reviewed. Radiographic findings were categorized and grouped as consolidation group (lobar or segmental consolidation) and non-consolidation group (patchy infiltration, localized reticulonodular infiltration, or parahilar peribronchial infiltration). Results Lobar or segmental consolidation (37%) was the most common finding, followed by parahilar or peribronchial infiltration (27%), localized reticulonodular infiltration (21%) and patchy infiltration (15%). The consolidation group was more frequently accompanied by pleural effusions (63%), compared to the non-consolidation group (16%). Compared with patients in the non-consolidation group, those in the consolidation group were associated with a significantly higher rate of hypoxia, tachypnea, tachycardia, extrapulmonary manifestations, prolonged fever, and longer periods of anti-mycoplasma therapy and hospitalization. Lobar or segmental consolidation was significantly more frequent in children >= 5 years old (44%) compared with children 2-5 years old (34%) and < 2 years old (13%). Parahilar peribronchial infiltration was significantly more frequent in children < 2 years old (56%) compared with children 2-5 years old (32%) and >= 5 years old (18%). Conclusion The chest radiographic findings of children with M. pneumoniae pneumonia correlate well with the clinical features. Consolidative lesions were frequently observed in older children and were associated with more severe clinical features.