Multi-objective stochastic operation of multi-microgrids constrained to system reliability and clean energy based on energy management system

The paper presents the multi-objective operation of multi-microgrids (MGs) based on an energy management system (EMS) to achieve MGs with high reliability, clean energy, and optimal operation mode. The proposed problem minimizes the expected operating cost of the MG and non-renewable energy sources (NRESs), the expected energy not-supplied (EENS) as the reliability index, expected environmental emission level, and voltage deviations function (VDF) in different objective functions. Furthermore, the scheme is constrained to AC optimal power flow (AC-OPF) equations in MGs, reliability constraints, and mathematical models of power sources and active loads (ALs). Also, stochastic programming based on the combined Monte Carlo Simulation (MCS) method and Kantorovich technique is utilized to model uncertainties of the load, energy price, RESs generation power, energy demand of some ALs, and availability of MGs equipment. Moreover, the problem is converted into a single-objective problem using the Pareto optimization theory based on the ?-constraint method. The hybrid grey wolf optimization (GWO) and Teaching-Learning-based Optimization (TLBO) is then used to reach a reliable optimal solution. Finally, the suggested strategy is simulated on a standard system, where the numerical results verify capabilities of the scheme in improving operation and reliability of multi-MGs along with reducing environmental emission level.