[1] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY 10964 USA
[2] Natl Oceanog & Atmospher Adm, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL USA
[3] Natl Oceanog & Atmospher Adm, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA
[4] Natl Oceanog & Atmospher Adm, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA USA
[5] Oregon State Univ, Coll Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallils, OR USA
[6] Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, Moss Landing, CA USA
[7] Univ E Anglia, Sch Environm Sci, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England
[8] Univ Paris 06, CNRS, Lab Oceanog & Climat, LOCEAN IPSL, Paris, France
[9] Hakkaido Univ, Grad Sch Environm Earth Sci, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
[10] Meteorol Res Inst, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan
[11] Natl Inst Environm Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
[12] Leibniz Inst Marine Sci, D-24105 Kiel, Germany
[13] Alfred Wegener Inst, Bremerhaven, Germany
[14] Marine Res Inst, IS-121 Reykjavik, Iceland
[15] Univ Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
[16] Antaractic Climate & Ecosyst Cooperat Res Ctr, CSIRO Natl Res Flagship, Hobart, Tas, Australia
[17] Univ Bergen, Bjerknes Ctr Climate Res, N-5020 Bergen, Norway
[18] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Inst Ocean Sci, Sidney, BC, Canada
[19] Univ Liege, Liege, Belgium
[20] Royal Netherlands Inst Sea Res, Den Burg, Netherlands