What controls the vertical distribution of aerosol? Relationships between process sensitivity in HadGEM3-UKCA and inter-model variation from AeroCom Phase II

被引：69

作者：

Kipling, Zak ^{[1
]}

Stier, Philip ^{[1
]}

Johnson, Colin E. ^{[2
]}

Mann, Graham W. ^{[3
,4
]}

Bellouin, Nicolas ^{[5
]}

Bauer, Susanne E. ^{[6
,7
]}

Bergman, Tommi ^{[8
]}

Chin, Mian ^{[9
]}

Diehl, Thomas ^{[10
]}

Ghan, Steven J. ^{[11
]}

Iversen, Trond ^{[12
,13
]}

Kirkevag, Alf ^{[12
]}

Kokkola, Harri ^{[8
]}

Liu, Xiaohong ^{[14
]}

Luo, Gan ^{[15
]}

van Noije, Twan ^{[16
]}

Pringle, Kirsty J. ^{[4
]}

von Salzen, Knut ^{[17
]}

Schulz, Michael ^{[12
]}

Seland, Oyvind ^{[12
]}

Skeie, Ragnhild B. ^{[18
]}

Takemura, Toshihiko ^{[19
]}

Tsigaridis, Kostas ^{[6
,7
]}

Zhang, Kai ^{[11
,20
]}

机构：

[1] Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Oxford, England

[2] Met Off Hadley Ctr, Exeter, Devon, England

[3] Univ Leeds, Natl Ctr Atmospher Sci, Leeds, W Yorkshire, England

[4] Univ Leeds, Inst Climate & Atmospher Sci, Sch Earth & Environm, Leeds, W Yorkshire, England

[5] Univ Reading, Dept Meteorol, Reading, Berks, England

[6] Columbia Univ, Ctr Climate Syst Res, New York, NY USA

[7] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA

[8] Atmospher Res Ctr Eastern Finland, Finnish Meteorol Inst, Kuopio, Finland

[9] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA

[10] European Commiss, Joint Res Ctr, Inst Environm & Sustainabil, Climate Risk Management Unit, Ispra, Italy

[11] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA

[12] Norwegian Meteorol Inst, Oslo, Norway

[13] Univ Oslo, Dept Geosci, Oslo, Norway

[14] Univ Wyoming, Dept Atmospher Sci, Laramie, WY 82071 USA

[15] SUNY Albany, Atmospher Sci Res Ctr, Albany, NY 12222 USA

[16] Royal Netherlands Meteorol Inst, POB 201, NL-3730 AE De Bilt, Netherlands

[17] Environm Canada, Canadian Ctr Climate Modelling & Anal, Victoria, BC, Canada

[18] Ctr Int Climate & Environm Res Oslo, Oslo, Norway

[19] Kyushu Univ, Appl Mech Res Inst, Fukuoka 812, Japan

[20] Max Planck Inst Meteorol, Bundesstr 55, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany

来源：

ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS | 2016年 / 16卷 / 04期

基金：

芬兰科学院; 英国自然环境研究理事会; 欧洲研究理事会; 美国国家科学基金会;

关键词：

LOG-NORMAL APPROXIMATION; CLIMATE MODEL; SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS; ABSORBING AEROSOLS; MINERAL DUST; GLOMAP-MODE; EMISSIONS; SCHEME; MICROPHYSICS; SIMULATION;

D O I：

10.5194/acp-16-2221-2016

中图分类号：

X [环境科学、安全科学];

学科分类号：

08 ; 0830 ;

摘要：

The vertical profile of aerosol is important for its radiative effects, but weakly constrained by observations on the global scale, and highly variable among different models. To investigate the controlling factors in one particular model, we investigate the effects of individual processes in HadGEM3-UKCA and compare the resulting diversity of aerosol vertical profiles with the inter-model diversity from the AeroCom Phase II control experiment. In this way we show that (in this model at least) the vertical profile is controlled by a relatively small number of processes, although these vary among aerosol components and particle sizes. We also show that sufficiently coarse variations in these processes can produce a similar diversity to that among different models in terms of the global-mean profile and, to a lesser extent, the zonal-mean vertical position. However, there are features of certain models' profiles that cannot be reproduced, suggesting the influence of further structural differences between models. In HadGEM3-UKCA, convective transport is found to be very important in controlling the vertical profile of all aerosol components by mass. In-cloud scavenging is very important for all except mineral dust. Growth by condensation is important for sulfate and carbonaceous aerosol (along with aqueous oxidation for the former and ageing by soluble material for the latter). The vertical extent of biomass-burning emissions into the free troposphere is also important for the profile of carbonaceous aerosol. Boundary-layer mixing plays a dominant role for sea salt and mineral dust, which are emitted only from the surface. Dry deposition and below-cloud scavenging are important for the profile of mineral dust only. In this model, the microphysical processes of nucleation, condensation and coagulation dominate the vertical profile of the smallest particles by number (e.g. total CN > 3 nm), while the profiles of larger particles (e.g. CN > 100 nm) are controlled by the same processes as the component mass profiles, plus the size distribution of primary emissions. We also show that the processes that affect the AOD-normalised radiative forcing in the model are predominantly those that affect the vertical mass distribution, in particular convective transport, in-cloud scavenging, aqueous oxidation, ageing and the vertical extent of biomass-burning emissions.

引用

页码：2221 / 2241

页数：21