Productivity and equity of different irrigation schedules under limited water supply

Some irrigation schemes with limited water supply in Central and Southern India follow the area proportionate water distribution based on assumed uniform characteristics of the command area (planned schedule). However in most cases, this planned schedule is overridden by the practice in which users at head draw more than their share of water (actual schedule) due to human factors and technical limitations of the planned schedule. This practice is highly inequitable as users at tail end do not get any water. This paper considers alternative schedules based on full irrigation or deficit irrigation within the framework of area proportionate water distribution in such irrigation schemes and presents the simulation-optimization technique to develop the corresponding land area and water allocation plan for different allocation units by considering the heterogeneity of the irrigation scheme. This paper further demonstrates the utility of proposed alternative schedules by comparing the productivity and equity of these schedules with planned and actual schedules for one irrigation scheme in Central India. The results show that the actual schedule reduces both productivity and equity greatly and the productivity and equity with the alternative schedules are higher than with the planned schedule. The results also show that deficit irrigation has great potential to increase both productivity and equity of irrigation schemes.