Coverage Analysis and Optimization for High-Speed Railway Communication Systems With Narrow-Strip-Shaped Cells

As is known, the cell coverage analysis of the highspeed railway (HSR) communication system is quite different from that of the public land cellular communication system. This paper investigates the cell coverage for the HSR communication system with narrow-strip-shaped cells. By utilizing the hard handoff scheme, a closed-form expression for the edge coverage probability (ECP) is first derived. Then, a theoretical expression for the percentage of the cell coverage area (CCA) is obtained, which is derived as the summation of the ECP, and a positive increment. To improve coverage performance, a coverage optimization problem is formulated to minimize the required number of base stations (BSs) under the coverage constraint, and the total coverage distance constraint, and then an optimal BS deployment scheme is proposed to solve the optimization problem. Numerical results indicate that all theoretical results match well with the simulation results, which verifies the correctness of the theoretical analysis. Moreover, the impacts of the received power threshold, cell radius, handoff hysteresis, transmit power, shadow fading, and path loss exponent on the cell coverage performance are also provided. Furthermore, compared to the existing coverage scheme, the proposed BS deployment scheme can improve the coverage performance significantly.