Lidar observations of middle atmospheric gravity wave activity over a low-latitude site (Gadanki, 13.5° N, 79.2° E)

The low-latitude middle atmospheric gravity wave characteristics are presented using 310 nights of Rayleigh lidar observations made at Gadanki (13.5 degrees N, 79.2 degrees E) over the period from March 1998 to December 2002. The gravity wave characteristics are presented in terms of vertical wave number and frequency spectra, along with the estimated potential energy for the four seasons, namely, spring, summer, autumn and winter. The computed wave number spectra for both the stratosphere and the mesosphere are found to differ significantly from a saturated model predicted spectrum. The spectra were found to be shallower at lower wave numbers and steeper at higher wave numbers with transition at similar to 8.85 x 10(-4) cy/m. The computed frequency spectra seem to follow the model plot with a power law index of -5/3 above a frequency of similar to 2x10(-4) Hz. The estimated potential energy per unit mass increases gradually up to similar to 60 km and then rather rapidly above this height to reach values of the order of 200 J/kg at similar to 70 km.