Ambient concentrations and dry deposition fluxes of trace elements in Izmir, Turkey

Dry deposition samples were collected using a smooth surrogate surface at the Kaynaklar Campus of the Dokuz Eylul University in Izmir, Turkey. Concurrently ambient aerosol samples were collected. All samples were analyzed for anthropogenic and crustal trace elements. The average trace element concentrations and fluxes measured in this study were generally higher than those reported previously for urban and rural areas. The contribution of local terrestrial and anthropogenic sources were also investigated using enrichment factors (EFs) calculated relative to the local soil. Relatively lower EFs for ambient samples and high ambient concentrations indicated that the local soil was polluted and contributed significantly to ambient trace element concentrations. Deposition samples had higher EFs than the air samples. The EF sequences of trace elements were also different for deposition and ambient samples, probably due to the fact they have different mass median diameters and deposition velocities. The overall dry deposition velocities for trace elements calculated by dividing the particulate fluxes measured with the. surrogate surfaces by ambient concentrations ranged from 0.6 (Al) to 6.2 cm s(-1) (Fe). The agreement 'between the experimental dry deposition velocities determined in this study and the previously reported ones using similar techniques for trace elements was good. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.