New model for diabetes primary health care based on patient empowerment and the right to preventive health: the MIDE program

Objective. To evaluate Mexico's national Integrated Management of Diabetes in Stages (Manejo Integral de la Diabetes por Etapas, MIDE) program using three types of indicators: process, structure, and impact. Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted using data for 97 452 people with diabetes (PWD) who participated in the MIDE patient empowerment program (PEP) at "MIDE modules" (standardized diabetes health care units) at Mexico's Institute for Social Security and Services for State Workers (lnstituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales de los Trabajadores del Estado, ISSSTE) hospital dinics and family medical clinics nationwide between 2007 and 2014. The program promotes diabetes patient empowerment and self-care through outpatient consultations with a multidisciplinary health care team supported by continuous training. Baseline data were compared with results post-program for the following indicators: process (metabolic control (MetC), based on glycated hemoglobin (HbAlc), triglyceride (TG), and total cholesterol (TC) levels); structure (number of MIDE modules installed at ISSSTE clinics and number of patients/health personnel accredited as diabetes experts/awarded diplomas); and impact (average number of patient illness days (IDs) and hospitalization episodes (HEs) per PWD over a 12-month period). Results. Over the seven-year study period, the proportion of patients with MetC (HbAlc < 7.0%, TG < 150 mg/dL, and TC < 200 mg/dL) increased significantly (from 35.4% to 60% (with a peak level of 62% in 2013); P < 0.001); average HbA1c, triglycerides, and total cholesterol per PWD dropped by 25%, 31%, and 11% respectively; average number of IDs and HEs per PWD over a 12-month period dropped by 38% and 41% respectively; a total of 140 MIDE modules were installed at ISSSTE clinics; and a total of 1 117 diplomas were awarded to 826 health professionals, and 2 613 PWD were accredited as "patient experts in diabetes." Conclusions. The MIDE PEP is feasible, usable, and acceptable to PWD. The program improves MetC; reduces the frequency of Ills and HEs; and facilitates patient participation, the involvement of health personnel, and shared decision-making.