High-order DDCC-based general mixed-mode universal filter

The transconductance and the transresistance modes might act as the bridge transferring from voltage mode to current mode and vice versa, respectively. This paper presents a new mixed-mode (including voltage, current, transconductance, and transresistance modes) high-order universal filter structure using n + 1 differential difference current conveyors (DDCCs), n grounded capacitors and n + 2 grounded resistors, which are the minimum components necessary for realising an nth-order mixed-mode universal filtering response (low-pass, high-pass, band-pass, band-reject, and all-pass) from the same topology. Moreover, the proposed circuit simultaneously achieves nearly all of the main advantages. H-Spice simulation results confirm the theory.