Observation of negative refraction and focusing in two-dimensional photonic crystals

We experimentally and theoretically demonstrate the negative refraction and focusing of electromagnetic (EM) waves by two-dimensional photonic crystal slabs at microwave frequencies. The negative refraction is observed both for transverse magnetic (TM) and transverse electric (TE) polarized incident EM waves. Gaussian beam shifting method is used to verify the negative refractive index. The Subwavelength imaging and flat lens behavior of photonic crystals are succesfully demonstrated. We have been able to overcome the diffraction limit and focus the EM waves to a spot size of 0.21 lambda. Metallodielectric photonic crystals are employed to increase the range of angle of incidence that results in negative refraction. Experimental results and theoretical calculations are in good agreement throughout the work.